The most common cause of a chimney fire is creosote buildup. Creosote is a byproduct of burning wood, and is highly combustible. If a chimney has a good amount of creosote in it the creosote can catch on fire causing a chimney fire. You will want to have your chimney cleaned at least once a year to remove any creosote buildup.
Creosote can build up in the following ways:
- Restricted air supply
- Below normal chimney temperatures
- Rumbling/roaring noise – the sound is similar to a freight train
- Flames and sparks
- Dense smoke
- Combustion seeping through existing cracks in the chimney mortar
Now you might be wondering how firefighters deal with chimney fires. Below are the main steps they follow when extinguishing a chimney fire:
- First and foremost they enter the establishment and rescue all victims.
- Once everyone is safely out of the establishment they monitor the oxygen levels for CO.
- Remove as much smoke from the house as possible.
- Be prepared with a hose in case the fire extends into the structure.
- Close air intakes to stop/slow the flow of oxygen to the flue.
- Extinguish the fire.
Reference: http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/2011/07/chimney-viscuso-terpak.html